It gives me pleasure to join all of you for admiring the culture of Hunan from bridge paintings. let's take a look at the origin and development of bridges in ancient China. Bridges emerged probably in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period, and most of them are log bridges of several logs or pacing bridges that are formed by placing stones in shallow water. The advent of beam bridge and floating bridge made a big change, greatly improving the stability and load capacity of the bridge, promoting regional economic growth, and advancing cultural exchanges. The most significant change in the history of bridges is the building of stone bridge that basically shaped the development course of ancient Chinese bridges. The Zhaozhou Bridge in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province and Lugou Bridge in Beijing, both famous ancient bridges in China, are typical representatives of stone bridge.