An introduction to the traditional Chinese education system and talent selection system, providing an insight into the humanistic spirit of Chinese culture. Firstly, it introduces the ancient Chinese system of "family education", "school education" and "specialized education". Secondly, we will introduce the various systems of talent selection that preceded Chinese history, including the "Abdication system" in the era of legends, the "selection of virtuous and competent people" in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period, the "conscription" and "examination" in the Han period, and the "nine grades of rank in former regimes" in the Wei, Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties, the rise and development of the imperial examination system in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and the finalisation and formalisation of the imperial examination system after the Song Dynasty. Finally, we will analyse the value, influence and historical limitations of the imperial examination system in Chinese history.