In this course, the evolution of “the Silk Road” in the ancient times, as well as the epochal background, realistic reason and basic framework of “the Belt and Road Initiative” will be lectured on. “The Belt and Road Initiative” is a new way of thinking for development based on the development of China and the whole world. It is an abbreviation of “Silk Road Economic Belt” and “21st Century Maritime Silk Road”. In September and October, 2013, Xi Jinping, the President of the People's Republic of China, respectively put forward the operative initiative for constructing “Silk Road Economic Belt” and “21st Century Maritime Silk Road”. Dependent upon existing bilateral or multi-lateral mechanism between China and related countries, via existing effective regional operation platforms, “the Belt and Road Initiative” aims to develop economic cooperative partnership with the countries along the Belt and Road by use of historical symbols of the ancient “Silk Road” and by holding high the banner of peace and development, for the purpose of building a community for shared benefit, future and responsibility characteristic of political mutual trust, economic integration and cultural inclusiveness.