The popularization and application of prefabricated buildings is a revolution in the construction industry. According to the choice of structural materials for prefabricated buildings, this paper mainly introduces three types of prefabricated wood structure, prefabricated steel structure and prefabricated concrete structure, explains the advantages, disadvantages and development course of each type, and finally looks forward to the future of prefabricated buildings, so that students can feel the advantages and development prospects of prefabricated buildings more clearly and intuitively.