文化经典之儒家与道家
文化经典之儒家与道家
Course Syllabus 课程章节
0As the representative of Confucianism, the name of the most holy Confucius and Mencius are known to everyone. The two great masters’ thoughts and theories are closely connected and complement each other, so their thoughts are called the Way of Confucius and Mencius. The core of Confucius’ ideological system is “ren” character. Confucius has many expressions and interpretations of the connotation of benevolence, but the most important one is that only with the benevolence of the lover can one practice virtues. Confucianism, represented by the way of Confucius and Mencius, has influenced our thoughts for thousands of years. In this lesson, we hope that by learning the thoughts of Confucius, students can understand the principles of learning and being a man in Confucius’ thoughts, and experience the charm of Confucianism. Besides Confucianism, Taoism is the second major theory that influences the development of Chinese culture. Laozi and Zhuangzi in the pre-Qin period were the representatives of the Taoist school. Lao Zhuang's thought is naturalistic and takes a critical stance towards Confucianism. The highest category of Lao Zhuang's thought is "Tao", and the nature of the way of heaven and inaction is the main theme of Lao Zi. Tao is the beginning of heaven and earth, the mother of all things, and the root of all things; Tao is always nameless, does nothing and does nothing. Like water, it benefits all things without competing with all things. It is the highest good way, which is the nouveau of the universe, the rule of all things and the rule of life. This lesson hopes that through learning, students can understand the core of Lao Zhuang's thought, think about the truth about life, and experience the charm of Taoist thought.
儒家家思想是影响中国文化发展的最大的学说。作为儒家的代表人物,“至圣”孔子和“亚圣”孟子的大名自然无人不知。而两大宗师的思想、学说联系紧密,相辅相成,因而常被合称为“孔孟之道”。孔子思想体系的核心是一个“仁”字。据统计,在《论语》里,“仁”字出现过109次,孔子对于“仁”的内涵有多种表述和阐释,但最核心的说法就是“爱人”。有了爱人之仁心做基础,才能践行忠、恕、孝、悌等德行。孔曰成仁,孟曰取义,以孔孟之道为代表的儒家思想,几千年来对我国思想、文化各方面产生了极其深远的影响。本节课希望通过学习论语,让学生们了解孔子思想中关于学习,做人的道理,体会儒家思想的魅力。
除了儒家以外,道家思想是影响中国文化发展的第二大学说。先秦时期的老子和庄子是道家学派的代表人物。老庄思想具有自然主义色彩,对儒家思想采取了批判立场。老庄思想的最高范畴是“道”,天道自然无为是《老子》一书的主旨。道是是天地之始,万物之母,为化生万物的根源;道常无名,无为而无不为,它像水一样,善利万物而不与万物争,以柔弱胜刚强,是最高的善道既是宇宙的本体,又是万物的规,还是人生的准则。本节课希望通过学习,让学生们了解老庄思想中的核心,思考关于人生的道理,体会道家思想的魅力。
Course Syllabus
课程章节