The forms of ancient Chinese sports culture are roughly divided into three systems, namely, martial arts, health preservation and entertainment. The development of specific sports events is taken as the start to analyze the evolution and historical process, rise and fall mechanisms of Wushu, ball games, chess, and health preservation methods and their influence and reflection of the social culture at that time. This course creates a thinking framework for a whole understanding of ancient Chinese sports culture for Chinese language fans and then enhances their understanding of Chinese sports history.